Elaboration of an educational video for cardiopulmonary resuscitation with chest compressions in adults.

OBJECTIVES: to develop and analyze the face and content validity of a storyboard for constructing an educational video for training laypersons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation with only chest compressions in adults. METHODS: a methodological study of storyboard elaboration and validity for producing an educational health video. The storyboard was submitted to analysis of 20 judges to assess its adequacy with the proposed objective. To assess the agreement between judges, the Content Validity Index was calculated. After validating the storyboard, video production took place. RESULTS: the Content Validity Index met expectations. Its mean in each group was ≥ 0.90 (lay judges = 0.97; expert judges = 0.90; all judges = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: the video produced is composed of scientific information, professional expertise and laypersons' perceptions, making it important evidence for health education.

Elaboration of an educational video for cardiopulmonary resuscitation with chest compressions in adults / Elaboración de un video educativo para reanimación cardiopulmonar con compresiones torácicas en adultos / Elaboração de vídeo educativo para reanimação cardiopulmonar com compressões torácicas em adultos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and analyze the face and content validity of a storyboard for constructing an educational video for training laypersons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation with only chest compressions in adults. Methods: a methodological study of storyboard elaboration and validity for producing an educational health video. The storyboard was submitted to analysis of 20 judges to assess its adequacy with the proposed objective. To assess the agreement between judges, the Content Validity Index was calculated. After validating the storyboard, video production took place. Results: the Content Validity Index met expectations. Its mean in each group was ≥ 0.90 (lay judges = 0.97; expert judges = 0.90; all judges = 0.94). Conclusions: the video produced is composed of scientific information, professional expertise and laypersons' perceptions, making it important evidence for health education.

RESUMEN Objetivos: elaborar y analizar la validez de apariencia y contenido de un storyboard para la construcción de un video educativo para la formación de legos en reanimación cardiopulmonar con solo compresiones torácicas en adultos. Métodos: estudio metodológico de la elaboración y validación de un storyboard para la producción de un video educativo en salud. El storyboard fue sometido al análisis de 20 jueces, para evaluar su adecuación al objetivo propuesto. Para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Después de validar el guión gráfico, se produjo el video. Resultados: el Índice de Validez de Contenido obtenido cumplió con las expectativas. Su promedio en cada grupo fue ≥ 0,90 (jueces legos = 0,97; jueces expertos = 0,90; todos los jueces = 0,94). Conclusiones: el video producido está compuesto por información científica, experiencia profesional y percepciones de los legos, lo que lo convierte en evidencia importante para la educación en salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e analisar a validade de face e de conteúdo de um storyboard para a construção de um vídeo educativo para treinamento de leigos em reanimação cardiopulmonar somente com compressões torácicas em adultos. Métodos: estudo metodológico de elaboração e validação de um storyboard para a produção de um vídeo educativo em saúde. O storyboard foi submetido à análise de 20 juízes, para avaliação de sua adequação com objetivo proposto. Para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes, calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Após a validação do storyboard, ocorreu a produção do vídeo. Resultados: o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo obtido atendeu ao esperado. A média dele em cada grupo esteve ≥ 0,90 (juízes leigos = 0,97; juízes experts = 0,90; todos os juízes = 0,94). Conclusões: o vídeo produzido é composto por informações científicas, expertise profissional e percepções de leigos, tornando-se importante evidência para a educação em saúde.

Assessment of physicians' knowledge about brain death and organ donation and associated factors.

Precocity and assertiveness when diagnosing brain death are essential for identifying potential donors. To assess the knowledge of physicians about brain death and organ donation, cross-sectional web-based survey was carried out with physicians from different specialties. The knowledge about brain death and organ donation was assessed by a questionnaire with 12 multiple-choice or multiple-answer questions (possible range from 0 to 12). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to verify the association between the physicians' knowledge and others variables. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, under number 4.022.657, and all patients agreed to participate and provided free prior-informed consent. Three hundred sixty physicians were included in this study, most of them have postgraduate (55%) and 59.2% were intensive care physicians. The median of responses was 5 (obtained range from 0 to 10). The participants were classified in 2 groups: with satisfactory knowledge (scores above 5) or without satisfactory knowledge (scores equal/below 5). There was better performance among participants who: completed graduation between 6 and 10 years (P < .012); were intensive care physicians (P < .002); had participated in training courses (P < .001); and those who had worked in intensive care unit (ICU) from 6 to 10 years (P < .023); had performed over 10 brain death protocols (P < .001), and felt safe to talk to family members about brain death (P < .001). The results showed that the participants had low knowledge about diagnosis of brain death and organ donation protocols despite the majority working in ICUs. Be an intensive care physician, had large time experience in ICU, and had performed brain death protocols were associated with unsatisfactory knowledge concerning the subject.

Effect of an educational program on physical activity in individuals undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Educational programs designed for specific populations to improve regular physical activity need to be tested. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program, when compared to usual care, on improving physical activity 5 to 7 months after hospital discharge in adult patients undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial with two groups: usual care (n = 56) and educational program (n = 53) interventions. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected and the Baecke-Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, Self-efficacy Scale for Physical Activity, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered at baseline and follow-up. Participants in the educational program received an intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory, focused on physical activity, followed by three telephone calls. The usual care group received the hospital routine information. Unadjusted and adjusted differences between the two groups in mean score changes (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated for all outcomes. RESULTS: At follow-up, the educational program group showed higher mean ± standard deviation scores than the usual care group for practice of physical activity (7.94 ± 1.84 vs. 6.90 ± 1.89) and for self-efficacy (3.98 ± 3.75 vs. 2.52 ± 3.12). Adjusting for baseline outcome, the difference in mean change between groups was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.46) for physical activity and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.49) for self-efficacy. There were no statistical differences between groups in symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: The educational program may be an effective intervention in increasing habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity in individuals with coronary artery disease.

Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Individuals According to their Sex, Type of Cardiac Device, and Diagnosis of Chagas Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators are alternatives for the treatment of arrhythmias, however, their use has caused changes in the emotional state of patients. The objective of this study was to compare the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals according to their sex, type of cardiac device, and diagnosis of Chagas disease. Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted with adults with implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We used the Student's t-test for independent samples and the Chi-squared test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Two hundred forty-four patients participated in the study, 168 with cardiac pacemakers and 76 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators; 104 had Chagas cardiomyopathy (85 with cardiac pacemakers and 19 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators). No statistically significant differences were found in measures of anxiety and depression symptoms according to device type (P=0.594 and P=0.071, respectively) and the presence of Chagas etiology (P=0.649 and P=0.354, respectively). Women had higher mean scores for anxiety (P=0.002) and depression symptoms (P<0.001). Conclusion: In the comparison between the groups, according to the type of implanted device and the diagnosis of Chagas disease, no significant differences were found in the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. Women showed higher means when compared to men, indicating the need to test and implement interventions to minimize these symptoms in this population.

Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Individuals According to their Sex, Type of Cardiac Device, and Diagnosis of Chagas Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators are alternatives for the treatment of arrhythmias, however, their use has caused changes in the emotional state of patients. The objective of this study was to compare the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals according to their sex, type of cardiac device, and diagnosis of Chagas disease. METHODS: This is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted with adults with implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We used the Student's t-test for independent samples and the Chi-squared test, with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-four patients participated in the study, 168 with cardiac pacemakers and 76 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators; 104 had Chagas cardiomyopathy (85 with cardiac pacemakers and 19 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators). No statistically significant differences were found in measures of anxiety and depression symptoms according to device type (P=0.594 and P=0.071, respectively) and the presence of Chagas etiology (P=0.649 and P=0.354, respectively). Women had higher mean scores for anxiety (P=0.002) and depression symptoms (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In the comparison between the groups, according to the type of implanted device and the diagnosis of Chagas disease, no significant differences were found in the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. Women showed higher means when compared to men, indicating the need to test and implement interventions to minimize these symptoms in this population.

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about acute coronary syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Guyanese individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding acute coronary syndrome and explore associations between these measures and the population's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in Linden, Guyana, with sixty type 2 diabetics, interviewed using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Acute Coronary Syndrome-Response Index. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess potential differences between groups according to the ACS-Response Index subscales, and sex, age, time since diabetes diagnosis, and body mass index and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the ACS-Response Index subscales according to educational level. RESULTS: only two participants correctly answered more than 70% of the Knowledge subscale. Participants obtained low mean scores in all subscales. Less than half of the participants reported chest pain and arm pain as symptoms of heart attack. Significant differences were found when comparing Knowledge (p=0.008) and Attitudes (p=0.009) according to educational level. CONCLUSION: individuals with type 2 diabetes showed low level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs. Participants who scored the highest in Knowledge and Attitudes presented the highest educational level. The results show a need for health professionals to heed knowledge deficits regarding acute coronary syndrome among type 2 diabetes.

Evolution of self-care in patients with heart failure at the first outpatient return and three months after hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the evolution of self-care in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure, between the first return after hospital discharge (T0) and three months after this assessment (T1). METHOD: an observational, analytical and longitudinal study carried out in the cardiology outpatient clinics of two public hospitals in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. The sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through interviews and consultation of medical records. Self-care was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index-SCHFI instrument. The data were analyzed by means of the Student's t test and paired distribution (McNemar) with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: we verified an increase in the mean scores of the three subscales of SCHFI (Maintenance, Management and Confidence), when comparing the values of T0 and T1, these differences being statistically significant (p<0.001). When comparing the positive changes in self-care actions over these months, we found statistically significant changes in the Maintenance (6 out of 10 items), Management (5 out of 6 items) and Confidence (4 out of 6 items) subscales. CONCLUSION: self-care for heart failure improved in the period between the first return after discharge and the end of three months of follow-up. Further studies are needed to verify the variables associated with improved self-care after hospitalization.

The effect of reinforcing an educational programme using telephone follow-up on health-related quality of life of individuals using warfarin: A randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of reinforcing an educational programme through telephone follow-up on health-related quality of life and anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals starting warfarin therapy. BACKGROUND: Educational interventions have improved quality of life in individuals using warfarin. Few studies have examined the addition of telephone follow-up to enhance educational interventions. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial in outpatient setting. METHODS: Hospitalised adults starting warfarin therapy who agreed to participate received an educational programme about the warfarin treatment. At discharge, they were randomised to receive either five telephone follow-up calls (intervention) or no telephone calls (controls). Both groups were evaluated for health-related quality of life (using Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale) and symptoms of anxiety and depression (using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) at three and six months post-discharge. Groups were compared at each time by independent-samples t test, and over time by repeated-measures analysis of variance, with time (three and six months), groups (intervention and control) and an interaction between time and group as factors. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials was used for reporting. RESULTS: Fifty-two individuals (26 per group) completed the study. There were no statistical differences between groups in health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms, at both times post-discharge. Participants who received follow-up telephone calls reported better positive psychological impact (a subscale of quality of life) than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Reinforcing an educational programme with telephone follow-ups did not have an overall effect on health-related quality of life of individuals using warfarin but promoted positive psychological impact. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The low cost of reinforcing educational programmes with telephone calls and the improvement in positive psychological aspects indicate that this type of intervention is still a promising intervention that could be further investigated and improved.

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about acute coronary syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes / Conocimiento, actitudes y creencias sobre el síndrome coronario agudo entre pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 / Conhecimento, atitudes e crenças sobre a síndrome coronariana aguda de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Guyanese individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding acute coronary syndrome and explore associations between these measures and the population's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in Linden, Guyana, with sixty type 2 diabetics, interviewed using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Acute Coronary Syndrome-Response Index. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess potential differences between groups according to the ACS-Response Index subscales, and sex, age, time since diabetes diagnosis, and body mass index and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the ACS-Response Index subscales according to educational level. Results: only two participants correctly answered more than 70% of the Knowledge subscale. Participants obtained low mean scores in all subscales. Less than half of the participants reported chest pain and arm pain as symptoms of heart attack. Significant differences were found when comparing Knowledge (p=0.008) and Attitudes (p=0.009) according to educational level. Conclusion: individuals with type 2 diabetes showed low level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs. Participants who scored the highest in Knowledge and Attitudes presented the highest educational level. The results show a need for health professionals to heed knowledge deficits regarding acute coronary syndrome among type 2 diabetes.

Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento, actitudes y creencias de guayaneses con diabetes tipo 2 sobre el síndrome coronario agudo y explorar la asociación entre esas mediciones y las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de esa población. Método: estudio transversal realizado en Linden, Guayana, con sesenta diabéticos tipo 2 entrevistados usando un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico y el Acute Coronary Syndrome-ACS Response Index. El test Mann-Whitney fue usado para verificar posibles diferencias entre grupos de acuerdo con las subescalas del ACS-Response Index y sexo, edad, tiempo de diagnóstico, e índice de masa corporal, y el test Kruskal-Wallis para comparar las subescalas del ACS-Response Index y el nivel de escolaridad. Resultados: dos participantes respondieron correctamente más de 70% de las preguntas de la subescala Conocimiento. Los participantes obtuvieron bajas puntuaciones en todas las escalas. Menos de la mitad respondieron que el dolor en el pecho y brazo son síntomas de ataque cardíaco. Diferencias significativas fueron encontradas entre el nivel de Conocimiento (p=0.008) y Actitudes (p=0.009) y de escolaridad. Conclusión: diabéticos tipo 2 presentaron bajo nivel de Conocimiento, Actitudes y Creencias. Los participantes con puntuaciones más altas en las subescalas conocimientos y actitudes tuvieron nivel educacional más alto. Los resultados mostraron que profesionales de salud deben prestar atención al conocimiento de los diabéticos tipo 2 sobre el síndrome coronario agudo.

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e crenças de guianenses com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sobre a síndrome coronariana aguda e explorar a associação entre essas medidas e características sociodemográficas e clínicas desta população. Método: estudo transversal realizado em Linden, Guiana. Sessenta pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 foram entrevistados usando um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico e o Acute Coronary Syndrome-Response Index. O teste Mann-Whitney foi usado para verificar possíveis diferenças entre grupos de acordo com sub-escalas do ACS-Response Index e sexo, idade, tempo de diagnóstico, e índice de massa corporal, e o teste Kruskal-Wallis para comparar as sub-escalas do ACS-Response Index e escolaridade. Resultados: dois participantes responderam corretamente mais de 70% das questões da sub-escala Conhecimento. Os participantes obtiveram baixas pontuações em todas as sub-escalas. Menos da metade respondeu que dor no peito e no braço são sintomas de ataque cardíaco. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os níveis de Conhecimento (p=0.008) e Atitudes (p=0.009) e escolaridade. Conclusão: participantes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresentaram níveis baixos de Conhecimento, Atitudes e Crenças. Participantes com pontuações mais altas no Conhecimento e Atitudes apresentaram nível educacional mais alto. Os resultados mostram que profissionais da saúde precisam atentar para déficits de conhecimento de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 sobre a síndrome coronariana aguda.

Health-related quality of life of patients with permanent cardiac pacing / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con marcapaso cardíaco definitivo / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com marca-passo cardíaco definitivo

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the health-related quality of life of patients with a permanent cardiac pacemaker. Method: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted in the arrhythmia outpatient unit of a university hospital located in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. The consecutive and non-probabilistic sample was composed of both sexes, older than 29 years old, having a pacemaker for at least one month. Those lacking the cognitive condition to answer the questionnaires, as well as those with dyspnea, weakness, or fatigue at the time the instruments were applied, or with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, were excluded. The generic instrument Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey, composed of 36 questions distributed into eight domains along with the specific instrument Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Events, composed of 20 questions distributed into three domains, were used to assess health-related quality of life. Results: 88 patients participated; most were men, had a partner, and were aged 64.3 (±13) years old on average. The domains from the Medical Outcomes Study 36 that obtained the highest means, that is, were the best-rated, were Social Functioning (78.1; ±26.8) and Emotional Well-Being (68.2; ±23.9), while the lowest means were obtained by Physical Health (48.2; ±41.4) and Physical Functioning (58.5; ±27.9). In regard to the Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Events, the Arrhythmia domain had the highest mean and best quality of life (78.2; ±20.7), while the lowest mean was Dyspnea (71.1; ±26.8). Conclusion: the patients gave the highest health-related quality of life ratings in regard to mental domains and the lowest ratings for the physical domains.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con marcapaso cardíaco definitivo. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el ambulatorio de arritmia de un hospital universitario del interior del estado de Sao Paulo. La muestra consecutiva y no probabilística estuvo constituida de pacientes de los dos sexos, mayores de 18 años, con marcapaso hace, por lo menos, un mes. Fueron excluidos los que no presentaron condiciones cognitivas para responder a los cuestionarios, como también aquellos que presentaron disnea, debilidad y fatiga, en el momento de la aplicación de los instrumentos; y, también aquellos con desfibrilador cardioversor implantable. Para la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, se utilizó el instrumento genéricoMedical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey, compuesto por 36 preguntas distribuidas en ocho dominios, y el instrumento específicoAssessment of Quality of Life and Related Events, compuesto por 20 preguntas distribuidas en tres dominios. Resultados: participaron 88 pacientes, la mayoría del sexo masculino y con compañero, con edad media de 64,3 (±13) años. Los dominios que presentaron mayores medias, así como mejores evaluaciones, fueron Aspectos Sociales (78,1; ±26,8) y Salud Mental (68,2; ±23,9), y las menores fueron Aspectos Físicos (48,2; ±41,4) y Capacidad Funcional (58,5; ±27,9), referentes alMedical OutcomesStudy 36. En cuanto al Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Events, el dominio de mayor media y mejor calidad de vida fue Arritmia (78,2; ±20,7), y el de menor, Disnea (71,1; ±26,8). Conclusión: los pacientes presentaron mejores evaluaciones da calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en los dominios mentales y peores en los dominios físicos.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com marca-passo cardíaco definitivo. Método: estudo observacional descritivo, transversal, realizado no ambulatório de arritmia de um hospital universitário do interior paulista. Amostra consecutiva e não probabilística foi constituída de pacientes de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos, com marca-passo há pelo menos um mês. Foram excluídos os que não apresentaram condições cognitivas para responder aos questionários, como também aqueles que apresentaram dispneia, fraqueza e fadiga no momento da aplicação dos instrumentos e com cardioversor desfibrilador implantável. Para a avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, utilizou-se o instrumento genérico Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey, composto por 36 questões distribuídas em oito domínios, e o instrumento específico Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Events, composto por 20 questões distribuídas em três domínios. Resultados: participaram 88 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino e com companheiro, com a média de idade de 64,3 (±13). Os domínios que apresentaram maiores médias, assim como melhores avaliações, foram Aspectos Sociais (78,1; ±26,8) e Saúde Mental (68,2; ±23,9), e as menores foram em Aspectos Físicos (48,2; ±41,4) e Capacidade Funcional (58,5; ±27,9), referentes ao Medical Outcomes Study 36. Quanto ao Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Events, o domínio de maior média e melhor qualidade de vida foi Arritmia (78,2; ±20,7), e o de menor, Dispneia (71,1; ±26,8). Conclusão: os pacientes apresentaram melhores avaliações da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde nos domínios mentais e piores nos domínios físicos.

Relationship between emotional states before cardiac valve surgeries with postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between preoperative anxiety and depression symptoms and postoperative complications and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing valve repair surgery. METHOD: Observational, exploratory and prospective study. The consecutive non-probabilistic sample consisted of patients undergoing their first valve repair surgery. Data were collected from September 2013 to September 2015, in a university hospital in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. Symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation; alpha was established at 5%. RESULTS: Among the 70 participants, depressive symptoms were more frequent among women (p=0.042) and among patients experiencing postoperative agitation (p=0.039) Conclusion: In this study, depressive symptoms were associated with being a woman and postoperative agitation; the same was not true in regard to anxiety symptoms.

Comparison of the perceived stigmatization measures between the general population and burn survivors in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To compare perceived stigmatization, symptoms of depression and self-esteem of adults from Brazilian general population with Brazilian burns survivors and to verify the possible correlations between these populations. METHOD: The general population and burn survivors administered the adapted Brazilian versions of the Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (BR-PSQ-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The Student's t-test for independent samples was employed to identify significant differences between the means of the results from the BR-PSQ-R, BDI and RSES instruments, and the Pearson correlation was used to detect correlations between constructs. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Participants of this study included: 102 individuals from the general population and 240 burn survivors. The difference between the BR-PSQ-R mean scores of the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). The mean scores for the BDI (p = 0.001) and RSES (p = 0.001) where found to be lower in the general population, when compared to burn survivors. Moderate correlations were identified between the perceived stigmatization and depression (r = 0.43; p < 0.001) and perceived stigmatization and self-esteem (r = -0.35; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Participants from the general population and burn survivors exhibit similar levels of perception of stigmatization; the general population presented fewer symptoms of depression and a higher self-esteem when compared to burn survivors.

Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Occurrence of Surgical Site Infection: An Integrative Review.

The aim of this integrative review was to locate, assess, and synthesize available evidence of the relationship between perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion and the occurrence of surgical site infection among adult patients undergoing elective surgery. After a comprehensive search of relevant databases and a review of the studies this yielded, we used a validated instrument to extract data from the 25 studies in our final sample. The clinical and surgical variables that were significantly and more frequently associated with the occurrence of surgical site infection among patients who received blood transfusions during the perioperative period were female sex, older age, and higher body mass index. Our findings indicate a lack of consensus on the hemoglobin levels that indicate a blood transfusion is necessary.

Menthol chewing gum on preoperative thirst management: randomized clinical trial. / Goma de mascar mentolada no manejo da sede pré-operatória: ensaio clínico randomizado.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of menthol chewing gum, in the relief of the intensity and discomfort of the surgical patient's thirst in the preoperative period. METHOD: a randomized controlled trial, with 102 patients in the preoperative period, randomized in a control group, with usual care, and an experimental group, which received menthol gum, which was the study treatment variable. The primary clinical outcome was the variation in thirst intensity, evaluated by the Numeral Verbal Scale, and the secondary, the variation of the discomfort of thirst, evaluated by the Perioperative Thirst Discomfort Scale. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare measures between groups. The significance level adopted was of 0.05. RESULTS: menthol chewing gum significantly reduced the intensity (p <0.001), with Cohen's medium-effect d, and thirst discomfort (p <0.001), with a large-effect Cohen's d. CONCLUSION: menthol chewing gum was effective in reducing the intensity and discomfort of preoperative thirst. The strategy proved to be an innovative, feasible and safe option in the use for the surgical patient, in the management of the preoperative thirst, in elective surgeries. NCT: 03200197.

Correlation between quality of life and burden of family caregivers of infants with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between measures of quality of life and burden in family caregivers of infants with cleft lip and palate and to analyze possible associations between quality of life and sociodemographic variables. METHOD: Exploratory, cross-sectional study conducted in hospital specialized in the treatment of craniofacial anomalies, with caregivers who answered the following data collection instruments: sociodemographic characterization form, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF questionnaire and the Burden Interview Scale. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Pearson's Correlation test, the Student's t-test and the ANOVA test with a level of significance of 0.05. RESULTS: 77 caregivers participated in the study. There was an inverse correlation between quality of life and burden in the Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationships and Environment domains. There was a positive correlation between quality of life and family income in the Environment domain. CONCLUSION: The greater the burden on the caregiver, the lower was their perception of quality of life. Caregivers with higher family income and greater level of education presented a better perception quality of life in the Environment domain.

Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Patient Activation Measure 13.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the psychometric properties of the PAM13 Brazilian-Portuguese (PAM13-B) among outpatients with chronic diseases. METHODS: 513 adults participated, diagnosed with a chronic disease for more than 6 months, under outpatient monitoring. Reliability was tested using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was verified through different techniques (correlation between activation and self-esteem measures, anxiety, depression and health status), known-groups validity and dimensionality by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The PAM13-B presented appropriate results for internal consistency (α = 0.83) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.81). A moderate correlation was found between activation and self-esteem only (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). The one-dimensional structure was not confirmed in the sample analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: In the study sample, the version PAM13-B demonstrated its reliability and validity, but with a two-factor structure.

Expressed emotion and socio-demographic and clinical factors in families of Brazilian patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Families are the main caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Family dynamic and expressed emotion (EE) of relatives are fundamental determinants on the course of schizophrenia. METHOD: This study analyzed socio-demographic and clinical factors related to EE components. A total of 94 dyads (patients with schizophrenia and their relatives) were recruited from three mental health clinics. A form containing socio-demographic and clinical variables and the Brazilian version of Family Questionnaire were used and the data were analyzed through regression model. RESULTS: Results showed that factors such as patients' occupation status and patients' age, as well as relatives' gender and the degree of relatedness, were related to emotional overinvolvement and critical comments levels. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in the Brazilian cultural context that evaluates EE components and related factors on families of patients with schizophrenia. Other studies concerning EE on different cultural contexts and possible interventions must be carried out to help health professionals to improve patient and family care.

Correlation between quality of life and burden of family caregivers of infants with cleft lip and palate / Correlación entre calidad de vida y sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares de bebés con fisura labiopalatina / Correlação entre qualidade de vida e sobrecarga em cuidadores familiares de bebês com fissura labiopalatina

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between measures of quality of life and burden in family caregivers of infants with cleft lip and palate and to analyze possible associations between quality of life and sociodemographic variables. Method: Exploratory, cross-sectional study conducted in hospital specialized in the treatment of craniofacial anomalies, with caregivers who answered the following data collection instruments: sociodemographic characterization form, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF questionnaire and the Burden Interview Scale. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Pearson's Correlation test, the Student's t-test and the ANOVA test with a level of significance of 0.05. Results: 77 caregivers participated in the study. There was an inverse correlation between quality of life and burden in the Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationships and Environment domains. There was a positive correlation between quality of life and family income in the Environment domain. Conclusion: The greater the burden on the caregiver, the lower was their perception of quality of life. Caregivers with higher family income and greater level of education presented a better perception quality of life in the Environment domain.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre las medidas de calidad de vida y sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares de bebés con fisura labiopalatina y analizar posibles relaciones entre la calidad de vida y las variables sociodemográficas. Método: Estudio exploratorio, transversal, realizado en un hospital de referencia en el tratamiento de anomalías craneofaciales, con cuidadores que respondieron a los siguientes instrumentos de recolección de datos: formulario para caracterización sociodemográfica, cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref y escala Burden Interview. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de Correlación de Pearson, t de Student y Anova, con nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: Participaron 77 cuidadores. Se constató correlación inversa entre las medidas de calidad de vida y sobrecarga en los dominios Físico, Psicológico, Relaciones Sociales y Medio Ambiente. Entre calidad de vida e ingresos familiares, se verificó correlación positiva con el dominio Medio Ambiente. Conclusión: En el grupo estudiado, cuanto mayor era la sobrecarga de la cuidadora, tanto menor era su percepción de la calidad de vida. Cuidadores con mayores ingresos familiares y mayor estabilidad presentaron mejor percepción de la calidad de vida referente al dominio Medio Ambiente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre as medidas de qualidade de vida e sobrecarga em cuidadores familiares de bebês com fissura labiopalatina, e analisar possíveis relações entre a qualidade de vida e as variáveis sociodemográficas. Método: Estudo exploratório, transversal, realizado em um hospital de referência no tratamento de anomalias craniofaciais, com cuidadores que responderam aos seguintes instrumentos de coleta dos dados: formulário para caracterização sociodemográfica, questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref e escala Burden Interview. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Correlação de Pearson, t de Student e Anova, com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Participaram 77 cuidadores. Constatou-se correlação inversa entre as medidas de qualidade de vida e sobrecarga nos domínios Físico, Psicológico, Relações Sociais e Meio Ambiente. Entre qualidade de vida e renda familiar, verificou-se correlação positiva com o domínio Meio Ambiente. Conclusão: No grupo estudado, quanto maior era a sobrecarga da cuidadora, menor era a sua percepção da qualidade de vida. Cuidadores com maior renda familiar e maior escolaridade apresentaram melhor percepção da qualidade de vida referente ao domínio Meio Ambiente.

Goma de mascar mentolada no manejo da sede pré-operatória: ensaio clínico randomizado / Menthol chewing gum on preoperative thirst management: randomized clinical trial / Goma de mascar mentolada en el manejo de la sed preoperatoria: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Objetivo avaliar a efetividade da goma de mascar mentolada em aliviar a intensidade e o desconforto da sede do paciente cirúrgico no período pré-operatório. Método ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, com 102 pacientes em período pré-operatório, aleatorizados em grupo-controle, com cuidado usual, e grupo experimental, que recebeu goma de mascar mentolada, a variável de tratamento do estudo. O desfecho clínico primário foi a variação da intensidade da sede, avaliada pela Escala Verbal Numérica, e o secundário, a variação do desconforto da sede, avaliada pela Escala de Desconforto da Sede Perioperatória. Teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para comparar as medidas entre os grupos. Nível de significância adotado de 0,05. Resultados a goma de mascar mentolada reduziu significativamente a intensidade (p<0,001), com d de Cohen de efeito médio, e o desconforto da sede (p<0,001), com d de Cohen de efeito grande. Conclusão a goma de mascar mentolada mostrou-se efetiva na redução da intensidade e do desconforto da sede pré-operatória. A estratégia mostrou-se uma opção inovadora, viável e segura no uso para o paciente cirúrgico, no manejo da sede pré-operatória, em cirurgias eletivas. NCT: 03200197.

Objective to evaluate the effectiveness of menthol chewing gum, in the relief of the intensity and discomfort of the surgical patient's thirst in the preoperative period. Method a randomized controlled trial, with 102 patients in the preoperative period, randomized in a control group, with usual care, and an experimental group, which received menthol gum, which was the study treatment variable. The primary clinical outcome was the variation in thirst intensity, evaluated by the Numeral Verbal Scale, and the secondary, the variation of the discomfort of thirst, evaluated by the Perioperative Thirst Discomfort Scale. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare measures between groups. The significance level adopted was of 0.05. Results menthol chewing gum significantly reduced the intensity (p <0.001), with Cohen's medium-effect d, and thirst discomfort (p <0.001), with a large-effect Cohen's d. Conclusion menthol chewing gum was effective in reducing the intensity and discomfort of preoperative thirst. The strategy proved to be an innovative, feasible and safe option in the use for the surgical patient, in the management of the preoperative thirst, in elective surgeries. NCT: 03200197.

Objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la goma de mascar mentolada en aliviar la intensidad y la incomodidad de la sed del paciente quirúrgico en el período preoperatorio. Método ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, con 102 pacientes en período preoperatorio, aleatorizados en grupo control, con cuidado usual, y grupo experimental, que recibió goma de mascar mentolada, la variable de tratamiento del estudio. El resultado clínico primario fue la variación de la intensidad de la sed, evaluada por la Escala Verbal Numérica, y el secundario, la variación de la incomodidad de la sed, evaluada por la Escala de Desconocimiento de la Sede Perioperatoria. La prueba de Mann-Whitney fue utilizada para comparar las medidas entre los grupos. Nivel de significancia adoptado de 0,05. Resultados la goma de mascar mentolada redujo significativamente la intensidad (p <0,001), con d de Cohen de efecto promedio, y el malestar de la sed (p <0,001), con d de Cohen de efecto grande. Conclusión la goma de mascar mentolada se mostró efectiva en la reducción de la intensidad y de la incomodidad de la sed preoperatoria. La estrategia se mostró una opción innovadora, viable y segura en el uso para el paciente quirúrgico, en el manejo de la sed preoperatoria, en cirugías electivas. NCT: 03200197.